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 ECMWF’s next model upgrade to provide better initial conditions for weather forecasts Cycle 48r1 of ECMWF’s Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), which is to become operational this summer, will include extensive changes to the way the initial conditions of weather forecasts are established. The new cycle will make better ’all-surface’ use of satellite microwave observations. The data obtained will be added to the many weather observations that help us to establish the initial conditions of weather forecasts through  data assimilation . The upgrade represents a significant improvement in the  use of satellite observations  at ECMWF. Other changes to the data assimilation system to be implemented in Cycle 48r1 include an increase in the resolution of the  4D-Var system  used for the atmosphere, and a move to a new software layer called OOPS (Object-Oriented Prediction System). ‘All-surface’ satellite observations The upgrade targets surface-sensitive microwa...

International Sea Level Satellite Spots Early Signs of El Niño  센티넬-6 위성의 국제 해수면 관측에서 엘니뇨 초기 징후 발견 This animation shows a series of waves, called Kelvin waves, moving warm water across the equatorial Pacific Ocean from west to east during March and April. The signals can be an early sign of a developing El Niño, and were detected by the Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich sea level satellite. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech Kelvin waves, a potential precursor of El Niño conditions in the ocean, are rolling across the equatorial Pacific toward the coast of South America. The most recent sea level data from the U.S.-European satellite  Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich  indicates early signs of a developing El Niño across the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The data shows Kelvin waves – which are roughly 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 centimeters) high at the ocean surface and hundreds of miles wide – moving from west to east along the equator toward the west coast of South America. When they form at the eq...